Comparing Relationships in Susan Glaspells Trifles and...

Female Relationships in Susan Glaspells Trifles and Cherrie Moragas Giving Up the Ghost The plays Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, and Giving Up the Ghost, by Cherrie Moraga, focus on womens interaction in various contexts. Despite the seventy-eight years between their performance dates and the drastic difference in settings and narrative content, the main female characters are comparable, as Mrs. Hale, in Trifles, points out, We all go through the same things -- its just a different kind of the same thing (Norton Anthology of Literature by Women, 1359). These plays show the varying degrees of closeness women can have in female relationships, and the role circumstances play. When Trifles opens, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters do not†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Hale uses the canary as a metaphor for Mrs. Wright, who once sang and, also like the bird, was kept in a cage. The county attorney telling Mrs. Peters, a sheriffs wife is married to the law (1359), causes her to think of herself as similar to Mrs. Wright, as she is in the figurative cage of morality, in which she must decide to stay confined or leave by disregarding the law. By interpreting the house, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters can discern Mrs. Wrights emotions and rationale for killing her husband. Just as Mrs. Hale thinks it is a crime to have not visited Mrs. Wright, Mrs. Peters acknowledges her previous criminal desire to hurt the boy who killed her kitten: the realization of their similarities brings Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters closer to the persona of Mrs. Wright they have imagined, and indirectly to each other. Because they can understand her, these women sympathize with Mrs. Wright and thus d o not condemn her, but instead rationalize her actions. Though not stated, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters probably think they are more suitable judges of Mrs. Wright since men are incapable of understanding her, and therefore conceal the evidence of her motive in an effort to declare her innocent. Despite this technically being obstruction of justice, audiences likely view the women as preventing a greater injustice; thus, Glaspell could be suggesting that together women can circumvent the constraints of society and/or government. At a time when women did not serve on juries,

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) and Preeclampsia Essay

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) and Preeclampsia A. Discussion of disease/condition 1. Incidence Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a multi-organ disease process that develops as a result of pregnancy and regresses in the postpartum period. It usually develops after 20 weeks of gestation in a woman who had normal blood pressure. It is defined as an elevation of systolic and diastolic pressures equal to or above 140/90 mm Hg. In clinical practice, the terms PIH and preeclampsia are used interchangeable, but in preeclampsia the woman also has protein in her urine indicating that there is renal involvement as well. The only know cure for preeclampsia is delivery of the fetus. It is a relatively common problem of†¦show more content†¦This will cause many changes such as decreased venal perfusion, glomerular damage, impaired liver function, small cerebral hemorrhages, pulmonary edema, dyspnea and decreased placental circulation. Decrease placental circulation can result in infarctions that increase the risk for abruptio placentae. Also when maternal blood flows through the placenta is decreased, the fetus is likely to experience intrauterine growth restriction and persistent fetal hypoxemia and acidosis (Murray, p679-681) 4. Signs and Symptoms Hypertension, generalized edema and proteinuria are the three classic signs of preeclampsia. The first sign is that a pregnant women may notice is edema and a rapid weight gain which are due to fluid retention. Hypertension is defined as sustained blood pressure equal to or above 140/90. Blood pressure should be taken in the sitting position with the arm supported in a horizontal position at hear level. Proteinuria usually develops later than hypertension an edema. The combination of proteinuria and hypertension indicates a worsening disease process. Additional signs include vascular constriction and narrowing of small arteries (e.g. when the retina is examines). Deep tendon reflexes may be very brisk (hyperreflexia) and clonus may be present. This may suggest cerebral irritability. Preeclampsia is dangerous for the woman and fetus for 2 reasons. The firstShow MoreRelatedPregnancy Induced Hypertension1243 Words   |  5 PagesMETHYLDOPA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION Contents Introduction Risk factors for the development of hypertension in pregnancy Endothelial dysfunction- a key mechanism in pathogenesis of preeclampsia Management of hypertension in pregnancy Methyldopa in management of hypertension in pregnancy Effects of methyldopa for hypertension in pregnancy- evidence based studies Summary References Introduction Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is defined as diastolic blood pressure 90mmRead MoreExploring The Negative Effects Of Maternal Obesity1675 Words   |  7 Pagesduring pregnancy and labor. In addition, a disconnect in perception and awareness exists such that most obese pregnant women who gain weight during pregnancy underestimate their Body Mass Index (BMI); and also have poor knowledge about the risk associated with obesity. In our time period, there is a significant increase in the average body index in all age groups and most commonly with the women who are entering their reproduction age. According to the article, â€Å"Weight Gain During Pregnancy†, a normalRead MoreEffects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teenage Pregnancy1620 Words   |  7 Pageswith many consequences due to teenage pregnancy. This paper will strictly focus on the effects females experience through teenage pregnancy. The reader will be able to develop an overall understanding of the causes of teen pregnancy. Also, the reader will be able to distinguish the psychosocial effects on the girl during adolescent pregnancy. The reader shall understand the risks of health complications females experience through childbearing. Teenage pregnancy could be defined as a teenage femaleRead MoreThe Postpartum Period : A Time Of Huge Physiologic And Psychological Adjustment1781 Words   |  8 Pageswhich is a medical emergency. Post partum blood pressure should be close to the patient’s baseline. If the mother experienced pregnancy induced blood pressure complications such pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), or preeclampsia, blood pressure should be monitored more closely; although these conditions typically resolve soon after childbirth, post partum preeclampsia can develop up to six weeks after delivery (Howell, 2013). Hypotension can be caused by orthostatic intolerance, shock, or sideRead Morehesi practice6681 Words   |  27 Pagesthe loss of this child.   B)  Relief of ambivalent feelings experienced with this pregnancy.   C)  Shock because she may not have realized that she was pregnant.   D)  Guilt because she had not followed her healthcare providers instructions.   3. The nurse is planning preconception care for a new female client. Which information should the nurse provide the client? A)  Discuss various contraceptive methods to use until pregnancy is desired.   B)  Provide written or verbal information about prenatal care.   C)  Ask

A Case Study of Google Recruiting Free Essays

A Case Study of Google Recruiting Google’s recruitment process is famously difficult, with candidates having to face multiple interviews (we’ve heard stories of ‘double figures’) while those with sound work experience have been turned down due to having less than perfect college grades. As the company continues its rapid expansion, it has been forced to streamline this process, with Google co-founder Sergey Brin acknowledging last year that the company’s high bar for hiring was holding back its expansion. Google has increased its workforce by an average of 16 people daily, from 1,628 at the end of 2003 to 3,021 in 2004 and 5,680 at the end of last year. We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Study of Google Recruiting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Candidates have had to endure interviews with various different Google staff, as well as facing aptitude tests like this one. The average number of interviews for those offered a job at Google dropped from 6. 2 at the beginning of the year to 5. 1 in June. The company is said to be considering speeding up the process to prevent candidates accepting other jobs while waiting for a reply from Google. Candidates shouldn’t expect an easy ride though. According to the  Wall Street Journal, Google Chief Executive Eric Schmidt said in July that the company was â€Å"able to now in fact increase the standards by which we select and hire new people†. Google is said to place high importance on college grades, which can be frustrating for older candidates with a wealth of work experience How to cite A Case Study of Google Recruiting, Free Case study samples

Armenian Genocide free essay sample

Armenian Genocide Throughout history, instances of religious groups turning to violence or being victimized for their religion have unfortunately occurred. The most prominent instance of this that immediately comes to mind for most is the Holocaust, where millions of Jews were killed by the Germans, led by Adolf Hitler (KÂ ©vorkian 8). Many have not been educated to the fact that there have been many other significant genocides within the last one hundred years based on religious violence, one being the Armenian Genocide (United 3). Although not so nearly well known as the Holocaust, this genocide was every bit as horrible. Looking in depth at the Armenian Genocide of 191 5, one will see the gruesome and atrocious actions of the Ottoman Empire toward the Armenian people and may questions many of these movements. Although there may not be answers to why people would act so unethically, the Armenian Genocide is a superb example of religious groups using violence to gain power. We will write a custom essay sample on Armenian Genocide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Armenian Genocide is not well known due to the fact that many nations deny its occurrence, despite the overwhelming physical evidence and stories told by survivors. The United States, however, recognizes that the Armenian Genocide happened and states that [a]t least 1,000,000, and possibly well over half of the Armenian population, are reliably estimated to have been killed or death marched by independent authorities (United 3). The negative feelings that Muslims of the Ottoman Empire had toward the Christian Armenians that led to this enormous number of deaths developed over many centuries. Originally, the Armenians were an individual entity, claiming their nation in Eurasia as the first in the world to make Christianity its official religion in the fourth century AD. During the fifteen century though, they were absorbed by the Ottoman Empire. At the beginning this did not pose a serious problem, with the Armenians being a minority and being underprivileged in the Muslim society (Winter 68). Christians had to pay higher taxes than Muslims, for example, and they had very few political and legal rights. Despite being viewed as infidels and being treated unequally, the Armenians managed to thrive in society (Armenian par 7). The successes in life gained by the Armenians made the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire uneasy. The Armenians tended to be more educated and wealthier, which led others to begin to resent their success. As the Ottoman Empire began to crumble throughout the nineteenth century, suspicions that the Armenians would be more loyal to Christian governments than that of the Ottoman caliphate increased. Once the Turkish people entered World War I in 1914, military leaders argued over Armenian loyalty; once the Armenians organized volunteer battalions to help the Russian army fght against the Turks in the Caucasus region, the want for the removal of Armenians in the area increased (Winter 91-2). In the case of the Armenian Genocide, as with many other acts of religious violence, feelings of hatred are developed over many years. Many may simply ask, why lash out with violence? The slams may have decided to act on their suspicions out of fear and anxiety that The first day of the Armenian Genocide was April 24, 191 5 (United 3). This was the start of many gruesome, horrific events that resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths. The initial act that began the genocide was the arrest and soon after killing of several hundred Armenians. From there, the genocide took off with many Armenian eaders being imprisoned and tortured to death, while the Armenian soldiers were either massacred after being disarmed or worked to the point of exhaustion and death. The most predominant form of death that occurred was the Armenians being marched to their death in the Mesopotamian and Syrian deserts (KÂ ©vorkian 17). They were removed from their homes and often times separated from their family, were stripped naked, given no food or water, and had to walk in the scorching sun through the desert with no destination. They walked until they dropped dead and if they topped to catch their breath or rest, they were subsequently shot and killed by the Turkish government (Armenian par 3). There are survivors who have witnessed many of these horrendous actions and who have seen people in their weakest, most helpless moments. One male survivor who Just barely cheated death describes his experience: l had a child on my back, had on womens clothes, my face was covered with mucus, and I was limping. Lice would not leave us alone. They would get in our eyes, nose, mouth. I had gotten so weak that I couldnt stand up. I was reduced to bones by this time, half dead (Miller 82). Surprising as it may seem, people did experience intense torture and were victims of religious violence simply for being a Christian. It is shocking that the slams who acted so unethically and murdered so many people can think that their actions were acceptable and Just in the eyes of their God. How can people commit such ruthless acts based simply off of ones religious beliefs? This question is still being asked around the world today in other religious violence cases such as Darfur in Sudan. The differing stories among survivors about the rides in the caravan to the desert how how the religious abuse changed from case to case. Miller explains that the experience of caravan members seems to have depended greatly on the attitude of gendarmes who were escorting them (78). He explains that some people were slaughtered during those rides while others remained untouched (Miller 79). This is a prime example of how the violence was not only a general movement of the Muslims, but how it may have varied between different scenarios. It may be possible that some involved in the killing of the Armenians were not completely evil, but felt pressured by those in command. Some people may have acted inappropriately due to fear that if they stood up for themselves and their beliefs, they may be heartlessly slaughtered Just like the Armenians. Cases of religious violence are often largely due to opinionated and forceful people who may convince others to act unjustly by brainwashing them or scaring them. Although there is not one specified leader who caused the Armenian genocide, this is still seen in other instances such as Adolf Hitler and his influence on the Holocaust. Another significant factor of the Armenian Genocide was that of the Special Organization created by the Muslims whose goal was the liquidation of the Christian elements (KÂ ©vorkian 106). The Turkish hillside became full of Armenian of cliffs, drowned them in rivers, crucified them, and even buried them alive. Women who were not killed in the desert or by this process of turkification were raped and forced into slavery. With children, the Special Organization believed that there was still potential for fixation. They kidnaped children, forced them to convert to Muslim religion, and gave them away to Turkish families, who raised them as Islam KÂ ©vorkian 110-2).

Vietnam War Essay Thesis Example For Students

Vietnam War Essay Thesis I think that the Vietnam War was justified as the Americans were trying tohelp Vietnam becoming communist country and they though that communism wasa bad thing not realizing that the Vietnamese had it rough to start with. It was just some of the thing that the Americans did that mad the warunjustified. The war never just started the US just bleed more supplies in to the Frenchthen some CIA to do some work then by 1961 he sent some Green Berets in andby August 1964, he secured from Congress a functional (not actual)declaration of war: the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. Then, in February and March1965, Johnson authorized the sustained bombing, by U.S. aircraft, oftargets north of the 17th parallel, and on 8 March dispatched 3,500 Marinesto South Vietnam. Legal declaration or not, the United States was now atwar. We will write a custom essay on Vietnam War Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The multiple starting dates for the war complicate efforts to describe thecauses of U.S. entry. The United States became involved in the war for anumber of reasons, and these evolved and shifted over time. Primarily,every American president regarded the enemy in Vietnamthe Vietminh; its1960s successor, the National Liberation Front (NLF); and the government ofNorth Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Min as agents of global communism. U.S. policymakers, and most Americans, regarded communism as the antithesis ofall they held dear. Communists scorned democracy, violated human rights,pursued military aggression, and created closed state economies that barelytraded with capitalist countries. Americans compared communism to acontagious disease. If it took hold in one nation, U.S. policymakersexpected contiguous nations to fall to communism, too, as if nations weredominoes lined up on end. In 1949, when the Communist Party came to powerin China, Washington feared that Vietnam would become the next Asiandomino. That was one reason for Trumans 1950 decision to give aid to theFrench who were fighting the Vietminh. Truman also hoped that assisting the French in Vietnam would help to shoreup the developed, non-Communist nations, whose fates were in surprisingways tied to the preservation of Vietnam and, given the domino theory, allof Southeast Asia. Free world dominion over the region would providemarkets for Japan, rebuilding with American help after the Pacific War. U.S. involvement in Vietnam reassured the British, who linked their postwar recovery to the revival of the rubber and tin industries in theircolony of Malaya, one of Vietnams neighbours. And with U.S. aid, theFrench could concentrate on economic recovery at home, and could hopeultimately to recall their Indochina officer corps to oversee therearmament of West Germany, a Cold War measure deemed essential by theAmericans. These ambitions formed a second set of reasons why the UnitedStates became involved in Vietnam. As presidents committed the United States to conflict bit by bit, many ofthese ambitions were forgotten. Instead, inertia developed againstwithdrawing from Vietnam. Washington believed that U.S. withdrawal wouldresult in a Communist victoryEisenhower acknowledged that, had electionsbeen held as scheduled in Vietnam in 1956, Ho Chi Minh would have won 80%of the voteand no U.S. president wanted to lose a country to communism. Democrats in particular, like Kennedy and Johnson, feared a right-wingbacklash should they give up the fight; they remembered vividly theaccusatory tone of the Republicans 1950 question, Who lost China? Thecommitment to Vietnam itself, passed from administration to administration,took on validity aside from any rational basis it might once have had. Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy all gave their word that the United Stateswould stand by its South Vietnamese allies. If the United States abandonedthe South Vietnamese, its word would be regarded as unreliable by othergovernments, friendly or not. So U.S. credibility seemed at stake. .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 , .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 .postImageUrl , .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 , .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19:hover , .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19:visited , .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19:active { border:0!important; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19:active , .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19 .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue20169d4d0fcfe7877b48cf498de8d19:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rising Tide EssayAlong with the larger structural and ideological causes of the war inVietnam, the experience, personality, and temperament of each presidentplayed a role in deepening the U.S. commitment. Dwight Eisenhowerrestrained U.S. involvement because, having commanded troops in battle, hedoubted the United States could fight a land war in Southeast Asia. Theyouthful John Kennedy, on the other hand, felt he had to prove his resolveto the American people and his Communist adversaries, especially in theaftermath of several foreign policy blunders early in his administration. Lyndon Johnson saw the Vietnam War as a test of his mettle, as a Southernerand as a man. He exhorted his soldiers to nail the coonskin to the wallin Vietnam, likening victory to a successful hunting expedition. When Johnson began bombing North Vietnam and sent the Marines to SouthVietnam in early 1965, he had every intention of fighting a limited war. Heand his advisers worried that too lavish a use of U.S. firepower mightprompt the Chinese to enter the conflict. It was not expected that theNorth Vietnamese and the NLF would hold out long against the Americanmilitary. And yet U.S. policymakers never managed to fit military strategyto U.S. goals in Vietnam. Massive bombing had little effect against adecentralized economy like North Vietnams. The Vietnam War was just as justified as the First World War; they didnthave to do anything about it, but they did. People thought that war was aromantic and heroic thing to be involved in. It wasnt until TV brought thewar into the lounge rooms of the Families that they started to see howhorrible war is.

History of General Motors

History of General Motors General Motors (GM) is a multinational corporation with its headquarters situated in Detroit Michigan. The companys history dates back a couple of decades and entails a broad range of industrial activities worldwide.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of General Motors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More General Motors history delves in motorized transportation, engineering and manufacturing (Barnhoorn, 2012, p. 45). The company was established in 1908 as a holding corporation. By 2012, General Motors had employed over 202,000 people. Today, the company has created employment for over 324,000 people worldwide. Besides, it has sold over 8.35 million cars globally (Chowdhury, 2014). The company sells its cars under different brands. The current brands include Vauxhall, Cadillac, Buick, and Chevrolet. Apart from selling cars, General Motors also distributes numerous non-automotive brands like Terex and Euclid . In 1930, General Motors ventured into the aeronautical industry. It purchased Fokker Aircraft Corp, which was an American company. Later, it bought Berliner-Joyce Aircraft. General Motors merged the two companies to establish General Aviation Manufacturing Corporation. Barnhoorn (2012) alleged, â€Å"Through a stock exchange, General Motors took controlling interests in North American Aviation and merged it with its General Aviation division in 1933† (p. 47). In 1948, General Motors pulled out of North American Aviation, and since then, it has never invested in the aircraft industry again. The company purchased both Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton Engine in 1930, changing their names to General Motors Electro-Motive Division (Barnhoorn, 2012). General Motors embarked on manufacturing diesel-propelled locomotives, which dominated the American railroads. The locomotives played an important role during World War II. General Motors got rid of the Electro-Motive division i n 2005. In 1932, General Motors established an ancillary company dubbed United Cities Motor Transport.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company helped GM to â€Å"transform streetcar systems to buses in small cities† (Chowdhury, 2014, p. 129). Chowdhury (2014) alleged that in 1936, General Motors participated in a conspiracy aimed at eradicating streetcar system. According to Ready (2004), General Motors played a significant role in World War II. The corporation manufactured enormous quantities of aircrafts, cars, and armaments that the United States used during the war. Nevertheless, the war adversely affected General Motors global interests. The American, British, and Canadian branches were divided with each branch supporting the local government. Ready (2004) alleged that it became hard for the United States government to manage GM-owned compa nies in Germany. The German government took control of the companies and used them to manufacture weapons and vehicles. Chowdhury (2014) argued, â€Å"General Motors ranked first among the United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts† (p. 130). The company’s William Knudsen helped President Roosevelt to manufacture and supply cars and weapons. On the other hand, the companys subsidiary in Britain contributed to making the Churchill tank. The tanks were helpful in the United Kingdoms operations in North Africa. General Motors participation in the World War II made it famous across the globe. The post-war period saw the company become the largest automobile enterprise in the United States (Galster, 2012). Additionally, the company’s revenue went high and significantly contributed to the United States’ gross domestic production. In 1953, Eisenhower appointed General Motors’ president (Charles Wilson) as Secretary of Defense. Charles Wilson declared that he was ready to protect the United States without considering if his decisions could affect General Motors (Galster, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of General Motors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Charles confirmed that he did not envisage a situation where his decisions could affect General Motors. He believed that both the United States and General Motors shared common interests. Later, his sentiments were misinterpreted with some people arguing that Charles meant that the General Motors interests coincided with those of the country. In 1955, General Motors became the first company to remit the highest levies in the United States (Galster, 2012). In 1958, the branch differences within General Motors started to fade away as the company developed high-performance engines. The company introduced higher trim replicas like Pontiac Bonneville and Chevrole t Impala (Galster, 2012). The replicas were sold together concurrently other models, making it hard for customers to distinguish them. In 1961, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, and Buick came up with engines that were similar to Pontiac Bonneville and Chevrolet Impala. Hence, the models eliminated the differences that existed among the General Motors’ divisions across the globe. In 1960s, GM encountered stiff competition from other car companies. Therefore, it was forced to manufacture superior cars to remain competitive (Barnhoorn, 2012). For example, General Motors built Chevrolet Corvair to counter Volkswagen Beetle. Besides, after Ford Company made Falcon, General Motors responded by making Chevy II. In 1977, General Motors launched Chevrolet Vega to curtail import of cars from foreign companies. However, Chevrolet Vega’s inventive aluminum engine encountered numerous problems (Barnhoorn, 2012). General Motors stopped manufacturing Chevrolet Vega after realizing that the car w as not doing well in the market.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though General Motors continued to grow its market share from 1960s to 1980s, it suffered from product disagreement. Barnhoorn (2012) posited, It seemed that, in every decade, an important mass-production product line was launched with defects of one type or another showing up early in their life cycle (p. 61). Therefore, the company always had to make some adjustments to improve its products. However, it was hard to convince customers to purchase the improved products. For instance, General Motors launched Chevrolet Corvair in 1960s. At first, the car was received well (Rattner, 2010). Later, its unusual handling made customers to consider it unsafe. Later, General Motors improved the cars suspension system and made a number of improvements to make it safe. However, Chevrolet Corvairs reputation had been adequately ruined such that customers were not ready to purchase it. The 1970s was the era of the Vega. It started as a famous car, but the fame did not last for long. General Motors was affected by labor strife in its Ohio’s production plants. Hence, many customers felt that the company could not guarantee the safety of its cars (Rattner, 2010). In 1977, General Motors stopped manufacturing the Vega model since it was not doing well in the market. According to Rattner (2010), Oldsmobile’s turnover went up between 1970s and 1980s. It received affirmative reviews from customers. Besides, people had faith in its Rocket V8 engine. Rattner (2010) posited that Olds dislodged Plymouth and Pontiac as the third best selling trademark in the United States. The first two brands were Chevrolet and Ford. Increased recognition of Oldsmobile’s cars led to a significant challenge in 1977. Oldsmobile could no longer satisfy the market since the demand for V8 engine was higher than production capability. Hence, it started to equip its car models with Chevrolet 350 engines to meet the demand (Rattner, 2010). The majority of customers did not realize w hat Oldsmobile had done. However, many customers learnt that they had been short-changed when they took their cars for maintenance. They filed lawsuits, which crippled the General Motors’ reputation. People published disclaimers alleging that Oldsmobile was using engines manufactured by other General Motors divisions to assemble its cars. The disclaimers adversely affected GM status forcing the corporation to come up with a single unit for making car engines. Today, all its engines are built by GM Powertrain (Rattner, 2010). The history of General Motors is characterized by ups and downs. The company has encountered one crisis after the other. However, the management has always found ways to salvage the company. In 2010, the administration helped the company to overcome bankruptcy that saw it close the majority of its branches. The management restructured General Motors’ brand portfolio to help it compete with other established brands (Chowdhury, 2014). The company abo lished a number of nameplates like Saturn, Pontiac, Goodwrench, and Hummer. Besides, it removed the culture of embossing its mark of excellence on all its cars. According to Chowdhury (2014), General Motors has moved from a corporate-endorsed hybrid brand architecture structure, where GM underpinned every brand to a multiple brands corporate (p. 133). Indeed, it is hard for one to identify General Motors brand in the market. The majority of its brands do not bear a trademark. Moreover, the United States branch has purged the famous blue badge from its website. However, the Canadian branch still reveres the blue â€Å"badge†. Nowadays, General Motors has two superior brands that control its global development. They are Chevrolet and Cadillac. The Cadillac brand develops lavish cars that are aggressive and dominant (Chowdhury, 2014). Besides, General Motors is in the process of reviving other brands like Buick, Holden, Opel, Baojun, and Vauxhall to help it reach a wide customer base. References Barnhoorn, J. (2012). Recognize sustained competitive advantage: A comparison in the automotive industry out of an investors’ perspective. Delft: Delft University of Technology. Chowdhury, S. (2014). Strategic roads that diverge or converge: GM and Toyota in the battle for the top. Business Horizons, 57(1), 127-136. Galster, G. (2012). Driving Detroit: The quest for respect in the motor city. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. Rattner, S. (2010). Overhaul: An insider’s account of the Obama administration’s emergency rescue of the auto industry. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Ready, D. (2004). The characteristics of great leader-builder companies. Business Strategy Review, 15(3), 36-40.

Public health and road saftey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public health and road saftey - Essay Example This report will discuss the roles of public health in road safety with other sectors to achieve better solutions. The main purposes of public health are to protect, to prevent illness and injuries and to promote healthy lifestyle for the public sector (NPHP, 1997). It has sought to decrease the number of deaths and injuries of communicable and non-communicable diseases among the population, through not merely treating but also reducing the risk factor, education, screening, and other intervention (Wilson A., 2000). Therefore, public health has an essential function to play in road traffic to reduce these risks (WHO, 2004). These functions include: collecting data and evidence, analysing the causes, prevention, protection and promotion. Collecting data and evidence: The hospitals collect specific data in a systematic way as much as possible, on the road crashes injuries, and the methods to conduct the injuries observations and surveys. They have also focused on amount, range, charact eristics and consequences of the road traffic injuries (WHO, 2004). Obviously, it should be mentioned in this point that each sector, such as the police department, has different data needs and the collaboration between these data is important to cover all aspects of this issue to find better results (Binder. S., Runge J., 2004). Analysing the data The reason of studying the data of road traffic trauma in public health is to define the cause of mortality, morbidity and the effect of road traffic injuries on their family and the economy (WHO, 2004, Sleet D., Dinh-Zarr, T., Dellinger A., 2007). This can help the other sectors to determine where the real causes of accidents are. For example, road design, drivers’ behavior, etc., and thus obtains a comprehensive perception of this issue. Prevention and protection: Prevent and protect injuries in road traffic are the central aims of public health which can be achieved through enforcement of the decision-makers to consider the inju ries as an important issue and seek improved safety approaches for road traffic (Boss, A., Pikora, T., Daube, M.,2010). Experimental new methods that prevent and reduce the severity of injuries on road crashes are evaluated by the influences of these actions in them (World Report, WHO, 2004). In an example of this action, by using a speed camera, the use of seatbelts and motorcycle helmets increased. Moreover, participation in disseminating effective interventions (Binder. S, Runge J., 2004) establishes an awareness programs in human behavior, such as short broad cast about the impact of wrong behavioral action on roads. (EMSRRS1 report, 2009). Promotion: In this stage, public health allows all people to achieve healthy lifestyles and decrease the road risk to human health which occurs from environmental, economic, social and behavioral causes (Ottawa Charter, 1986). Conclusion Overall, public health should be in alliance with other sectors for share goal. Works cited Binder S., Run ge J., Road Safety and Public Health: A U. S. Perspective and the Global Challenge. Vol. 10, p 68-69. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States Department of Health and Human Services, USA, 2004. Print. Boss, A., Pikora, T., Daube, M. Road Safety and Public Health Advocacy: The Way Forward. Public Health Adv

Central Bank of GCC Gulf Cooperation Council Assignment

Central Bank of GCC Gulf Cooperation Council - Assignment Example that the framing of effective monetary as well as fiscal policies will be one of the prime aspects to be taken into concern while designing the structure of GCC Central Bank. From the conduct of various studies, it can be found that the objectives and the functions that hold by GCC Central Bank will significantly lead the economies of the respective Gulf nations to attain immense growth. The Central Banks belonging to varied nations have been playing a decisive part in the developmental process of economies for numerous years. These sorts of financial intermediaries aid in progressing the economies of respective nations in terms of recognizing adequate monetary flow. It is worth mentioning that Central Banks not only look upon stabilizing the monetary policies, but also focuses on maintaining internal monitory stability by controlling the inflationary pressure. This inflationary pressure is mainly created owing to the persistence of inelasticity in adequate monetary transactions (Bank for International Settlement, 2009). The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is principally viewed to be a political and economic association, which mainly regulates the financial policies of six Gulf countries of Middle East. From a historical perspective, it will be vital to mention that GCC was mainly established in the year 1981in Riyadh, Saudia Arabia. It operates in six Gulf countries namely Saudia Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Erminates, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman. Specially mentioning, the monetary policies and the economic growth of these Gulf countries are not regulated by the Central Bank (Sturm et al., 2008). With this concern, the assignment intends to conduct a comprehensive analysis of GCC Central Bank with considering varied significant aspects. These aspects comprise recommending the structure of GCC Central Bank, identifying similarities or differences with that of the European Central Bank and assessing the imperative functions as well as objectives of the same. While

The Process of Fermentation

The Process of Fermentation Background research Fermentation is a process carried out by many microorganisms and which produces a variety of useful compounds and this reaction is very important in industry for baking and brewing. In fermentation, carbon dioxide gas bubbles out of the solution into the air leaving a mixture of ethanol and water. Ethanol can be separated from the mixture by fractional distillation. Fermentation must be carried out in the absence of air to make alcohol. If air is present, ethanoic acid is made instead of alcohol. This reaction is very important in industry for baking and brewing. Yeast, is most commonly used in baking to break glucose, or other sugars to produce different products. In baking and brewing different type of yeast is used. An enzyme called invertase will convert a sugar called sucrose into smaller sugar molecules called glucose and fructose. Glucose is fermented by the yeast to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The released carbon dioxide causes dough to rise and to hold it high. The produced alcohol contributes to the breads flavour. The optimal temperature for yeast to ferment sugar is 32 °C. In warmer temperature (45  °C) the yeast cells will die. Also fructose and sucrose care used by the yeast as fermentation substrates. Sucrose is directly transformed by an enzyme called invertase, into glucose and fructose. Sucrose is a good substrate for fermentation. When sucrose or glucose is added to the dough, they are faster fermented than maltose. Sugars are small molecules which belong to the class of carbohydrates. As the name implies, a carbohydrate is a molecule whose molecular formula can be expressed in terms of just carbon and water. For example, glucose has the formula C6(H2O)6 and sucrose has the formula C6(H2O)11. More complex carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose are polymers of glucose. The difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide can be seen in the following example: How do enzymes work? Enzymes speeds up the biochemical reactions and they work best at an optimum temperature, however if the temperature has increased it will provide more kinetic energy to the molecules involved. Therefore the number of collisions between enzyme and substrate will increase as well as the rate of reaction. If temperature rises above the optimum the enzymes will be denatured. The bonds which are holding the structure together will break and the active sites lose their shape and will no longer react. Reference http://www.chemie.uni-regensburg.de/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-fermentation_sugar-e.htm http://www.lycos.com/info/fermentationsugars.html?page=2 Investigating the affects of sugar on the rate of fermentation The aim To investigate on how different types of sugars can affect the rate of fermentation. There are two different types of sugars that I am going to which are monosaccharide and disaccharide sugars. Introduction Respiration is the release of energy from glucose or another organic chemical. The chemical energy in glucose can be used to provide the energy required for growth, repair and movement. This is a controlled process that occurs in small steps and each step requires respiratory enzymes. These enzymes allow the process to take place at body temperature 37C °.m Aerobic Respiration is the normal form of respiration. It requires oxygen and releases the most energy from glucose. This form of respiration occurs within the mitochondria. Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2+H2O + Energy However, it is possible for respiration to take place without oxygen in a process known as anaerobic respiration. It also releases energy from glucose but not as much. When yeast respires anaerobically it produces carbon dioxide and alcohol. When we respire we produce lactic acid. Too much lactic acid causes fatigue to our muscles. Yeast produces ethanol (alcohol) when it respires anaerobically and ultimately the ethanol will kill the yeast. We can respire in both ways too. Normally we use oxygen, but when we are exercising, we may not get enough oxygen into our blood, so our muscles start to respire anaerobically. Word equation for anaerobic respiration: Glucose lactic acid + Energy C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 + Energy Sugars can be categorized as either simple or complex depending on their chemical structure, in other words the number of saccharides (glucids) they are composed of such as: Monosaccharide Are the most basic unit of carbohydrates and they are the simplest form of sugar. Examples of monosaccharide include glucose, fructose , and galactose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides such as sucrose and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch). Disaccharide Two monosaccharide joined together by a glycosidic linkage is called a double sugar or disaccharide. The most common disaccharide is sucrose. It is composed of glucose and fructose. Sucrose is commonly used by plants to transport sugar from one part of the plant to another. Polysaccharide Polysaccharides are polymericcarbohydrate structures, formed of repeating units joined together by glycosidic bonds. These structures are often linear, but may contain various degrees of branching. When all the monosaccharide in a polysaccharide is the same type the polysaccharide is called a homo polysaccharide, but when more than one type of monosaccharide is present they are called hetero polysaccharides. http://www.polypeptide-polysaccharide.com/ Hypothesis I hypothesise that glucose sugar which is a monosaccharide will have a greater rate of fermentation than sucrose which a disaccharide sugar. Justification There are different types of sugars that have different effects on the replication of yeast, which would have an effect on the rate of fermentation. Therefore, I am going to investigate the main two sugars (Monosaccharide and disaccharides) to check which type of sugar will have a greater rate of fermentation. Monosaccharides are simple sugars made of 1 molecule of sugar whereas disaccharides are complex sugars made of two molecule of sugar. So, my hypothesis would be that glucose will increase the rate of fermentation than sucrose because glucose is a monosaccharide sugar and therefore has one unit of sugar. This will enable the enzymes in the yeast to break down the bonds of the simple sugar very easily with less energy, and short period of time. Whereas sucrose has two unit of sugars and therefore has twice as much bonds as glucose sugar which will slow down the enzymes action in breaking down the bonds, as it requires more energy with longer period of time to break down the bonds. So, in order to check whether my hypothesis is right or wrong, I will need to perform the experiment by testing the main two sugars glucose (Monosaccharide) and sucrose (disaccharides). Experimental method In the experimental method I have decided to use the technique of titration. A titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. So in this experiment, I am going to use the titration technique to find out which type of sugar will produce a greater rate of fermentation. Typically, the titrant is added from a burette to a known quantity of the analyte (the unknown solution) until the reaction is complete. Knowing the volume of titrant added allows the determination of the concentration of the unknown. Often, an indicator is used to usually signal the end of the reaction, the endpoint. http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/titratn.html Here are some important apparatus that are important to carry out the titration method: * Burette: The burettes are mainly used for titrations to deliver one reactant until the precise end point of the reaction is reached. Burette used to measure the volume of a solution accurately which can be read to an accuracy of half a division that is to 0.05 cm3.  · Conical flask, beaker: The conical flasks, beakers are used for mixing, reactant and transporting but not for accurate measurements. The volume stamped on the sides of the conical flask and beaker is approximate and accurate to within 5%. * Pipette: Pipettes are used to measure small amounts of solution very accurately and it has a bulb to draw the solution into the pipette. It transfers 25 cm3 (usually to  ±0.05 cm3) of a solution into a conical flask. * Funnel: is a pipe with a wide, often conical mouth and a narrow stem (this will be needed to make sure the transferring of the sodium hydroxide into the burette in smooth and safe as possible). * 0.1M of sodium hydroxide: will be used as the solution in the burette which will indicate the amount of alkali that is needed to neutralize the acid in the fermented solution. * Phenolphthalein indicating solution: this indicator solution will help us see when the solution in the conical flask changes, it is very important that we use the same amount of drops on both solutions this will help us get an accurate colour change result. Apparatus: * 2 g dried brewers yeast. * 200cm 0.2 M fructose. * 200cm 0.2 M lactose. * 2 x 0.5 g ammonium phosphate. * 2 x 0.5 g ammonium sulphate. * 3 x 250cm wide necked conical flask. * 2 x silicone rubber bung with two holes. * 3 x glass fermentation lock. * 3 x 15cm bent glass pipette with 3cm rubber tubing. * 3 x restriction clip (Hoffman clip). * 3 x glass rod. * 50cm burette. * 3 x pipettes. * 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution (about 400cm). * Phenolphthalein indicator solution and dropping pipette. Procedure for day 1: 1. Label two 250cm flask: fructose and lactose and control (water). Add 200cm of 0.2 M sugar solution to the named flasks and 200cm of water to the control flask. 2. Add 2 g of dried brewers yeast and then 1 g of ammonium salts to each flask (0.5 g each of ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate). 3. Ensure that the yeast is respuspended and the salts are dissolved in the sugar solution by carefully stirring each solution with a different glass rod. 4. Carefully and firmly insert the fermentation lock and bent pipette into the silicone rubber bungs. 5. place the bungs firmly into the neck of the flasks To assist the fermentation the flask should be placed in an incubator (15 20 C). Procedure for day 2: 1. Set up a burette containing 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution. 2. Swirl the flask to ensure a homogenous mix of culture and remove a total of 25cm of sample (10cm + 15cm). 3. Place the removal sample into a small flask and add two or three drops of phenolphthalein solution. 4. Plot a histogram of the volume of the alkali used to neutralize each sugar solution. The histogram can be used to indicate the extent of fermentation. Justifying day one procedure: There are few things that can affect the preparation of the solutions which are usually known as a potential errors and these error can come from: Weighing balance: we used the 2 decimal place balance to weigh our samples and I think the weighing of the sample would not be reliable as it measures to 2 decimal places. In this case our results might be unreliable because we cannot determine whether it is the exact weight of the sample we are measuring. For example if we weighed out 3g of yeast on the 2 decimal place balance it would only show 3.00g, whereas if we used another balancer which measures the sample to an accuracy of 4 decimal places it would have been better because it would give us 3.0000g. Stirring rod: depending on the pace of stirring the solution if we didnt use the stirring rod gently and frequently it would affect the solubility of the sample that we are making, this is because sometimes we may think that all the solid part in a solution are fully dissolved in the sample. However, sometimes a small amount of the solid may not dissolve properly without noticing it. Therefore, it is very important that we had to stir the solution gently and frequently so that the entire solid are completely dissolved. Room temperature: leaving the solution to ferment over night the temperature of the room is not constant because at night the temperature decreases which would have an effect on the rate of reaction of the fermentation by slowing the reaction down. It would have been better if I could use a water bath so we can take a full control of the temperature and also make it constant. Duration for fermentation: the duration that was provided for fermentation was not enough for the yeast to ferment, if the solution was left for longer period time the sample might have fermented better and also if would have left the solution for longer night probably 2 to 3 nights it would have been better too. However, leaving the samples for more than 4 to 6 nights could affect the rate of fermentation because the longer we leave a sample the more contaminated the sample may get by bacteria. Justifying the procedure of day 2: In day 2 we have used the technique of titration to find out which type of sugar will produce a greater rate of fermentation. However, the manual titration technique is not as accurate as it is industries. The titration technique is carried more accurately on an industrial scales because of the automated machines that are used are automated which carry out the titration in a more accurate way and more than one sample at a time. The titration method: the method only allows us to do one titration at once which was not suitable for our time scale. We were using two burettes one for each solution but we still had to run one burette at a time. Time: I think the period of the titration was not sufficient because we had to carry out three titrations and three repeats for each type of sugar including the control, keeping in mind that we had to record the all values accurately from the titration. Therefore, we would rush in the experiment to finish all the titrations as quickly as we possibly can, so we would not carry out the investigation in an appropriate way which could affect our overall result. Recording the results and how many repeats will be performed In this investigation I will be using two types of sugars which are glucose and sucrose and a control which is water. For each type of sugar including the control I will make 3 repeats so that I can get an average result of the volume of the sodium hydroxide which has been used. I would perform a rough titration for each sugar to help me to decide approximately where the end point is going to be and how much volume of the sodium hydroxide will I need to neutralise the solution that I am testing Type Titre1 Cm ³ Titre2 Cm ³ Titre3 Cm ³ Average Cm ³ Glucose 22.65 34.85 25.90 27.80 Sucrose 52.00 40.45 40.750 46.73 Control 8.15 17.60 8.15 11.30 Once I have completed the experiment and recorded my results accurately to two decimal places, then I will work the average result for both sugars and the control for example, for glucose sugar I would add the results that I have obtained including the rough one and then divide the answer by three. Once I have calculated the average result for both sugars and the control, then I would plot a graph to show the volume of sodium hydroxide that has been used to neutralise each solution which will help to compare which type of sugar fermented better. Titration results Conclusion from the results During the titration process I kept watching for the colour of the solution we were titrating to change from cloudy white solution to a light pink colour. The light pink colour indicate that that neutralisation of the solution we are tittering is completed which known as the end point. Looking at this table it shows that sucrose has a greater rate of fermentation than glucose because it has a higher titre of sodium hydroxide that was needed to neutralise the solution. Therefore, this indicates that sucrose was more acidic and more CO2 dissolved in the sample that we were testing and also more fermentation rating took place. Accuracy of procedure and each piece of equipment used Each piece of equipment we have used, we take the volumes reading from the bottom of the meniscus. Burette used to measure the volume of a solution accurately which can be read to an accuracy of half a division that is to 0.05 cm3. * Rinse equipments before use: We have used distilled water to rinse the equipment before we carry out our investigation because the equipment may not washed properly so it contains other solutions which would make our results unreliable. By rinsing the equipment before using them, would decrease the possibility of getting of contamination. * Labelling equipments: We had to label the conical flasks to ensure that the right sugar is in its labelled conical flask because sugars look the same so labelling conical flasks would help us identify the solution quickly without getting mixed up of which sugar belongs to which flask . * Ammonium salt: As we know that yeast gets food from the surroundings and therefore, we have used the ammonium salt and ammonium phosphate is to feed the yeast with nutrient as ammonia contributes to nutritional needs of such organism.  · Using room temperature for fermentation: Because enzymes within yeast are from different habitats therefore using different temperatures for each type of sugar would affect the fermentation process. Therefore we decided to use room temperature as it is suitable for both types of sugar and the yeast in which perform the fermentation process.  · Swirling flasks: It is very important that we had to swirl the flasks properly before taking the samples out because it would help ensure that all the solids are fully dissolved in the solution and becomes complete solution.  · Using pipette filler to take the samples: we would be using pipette filler because it is good equipment for taking around 25cm3 of the solution.  · Phenolphthalein indicator: We have used this indicator solution to help us to see when the solution in the conical flask changes, so we had to use the same amount of drops on both solutions so that we get an accurate colour change result. Evaluation: The reliability and the accuracy of the investigation: It is very important that we had to follow all the instructions carefully that were provided to us because it would help us work more accurately and get better result on our experiment. However, we would not expect to get the same results for each repeat of titration, because it depends on determining the end point of the reaction. For example, the cloudy white colour is quite similar to the light pink colour therefore; sometimes it is difficult to determine whether the exact end point has been achieved or not , and so we wouldnt expect to get the same results for each time we repeat the experiment. As a result, it would be better to hold the solution up to the light to help us determine the exact end which is the light pink colur in the same range. As we know that yeasts perform better under anaerobic conditions, so if oxygen got into the solution then the condition inside the conical flask will change to aerobic and the process of fermentation will not take place. As a result, we had to ensure that the process is taking place with the absence of oxygen conditions, so we ensured that the bung was firmly fastened into the conical flask that contained the fermenting solution. It was very important that that the bung was fastened otherwise the air that came from the surrounding would affect the yeast respiration by getting into the conical flask to the solution that we were fermenting. Moreover, if the bung is not fastened properly then carbon dioxide will leak from the conical flask would affect on the acidity of the solution because the sodium hydroxide needs to be titrated with an acidic substance so to achieve neutralisation of the solution in the flask. Therefore, keeping the bung fastened will keep the process of fermentation under anaerobic condition. When the samples had been left to ferment overnight, bubbles were produced on the top of the solution because the bubbles were formed from the carbon dioxide gas being given off from the reaction in the solution. This may have an effect on the measurement of the solution in both the pipettes and burettes because the solution must be measured from its meniscus. Therefore we have got to be careful while taking the reading of the solution to take from the meniscus which is the curve at the top of the liquid if did so we would get more accurate and reliable results. There is another factor which can make our investigation unreliable which the temperature. This can have a major effect on the rate of fermentation because enzymes are very sensitive to temperature. Enzymes speeds up the biochemical reactions and they work best at an optimum temperature, however if the temperature has increased it will provide more kinetic energy to the molecules involved. Therefore the number of collisions between enzyme and substrate will increase as well as the rate of reaction. If temperature rises above the optimum the enzymes will be denatured. The bonds which are holding the structure together will break and the active sites lose their shape and will no longer react. There are some factors in which can have an effect on our overall result such as, room temperature, weighing and the concentration of the samples. So Now I going to make a table to show the variables, the effects they may affect the investigation and how they can be controlled during the experiment to get more accurate and reliable data. Controls and variables during this experiment: Variables The effects on the experiment How could it be controlled Room temperature As we know the room temperature is not constant therefore it would affect the enzymes action during the process of fermentation We could have made the temperature constant if we placed the samples inside an incubator which will help the enzymes work better. Weighing Another factor that could affect our overall result is that being very close to the weighing balancer while we are weighing our samples because breathing on the balancer changes the reading of the sample In order to optimise the effects of the air on the weighing balancer while we are taking the reading of the sample is to use an accurate weighing balancer which is surrounded by glass frame and gives the reading of the sample to four decimal places. Concentration of sample If we used the wrong concentration of the sugars, this would affect on our results. In order to make sure that we are using the right concentration we have look carefully at the labels of the solutions which indicates the name of the solution and its concentration. Sources Used http://www.chemie.uni-regensburg.de/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-fermentation_sugar-e.htm http://www.practicalchemistry.org/experiments/fermentation-of-glucose-using-yeast,109,EX.html http://www.chemie.uni-regensburg.de/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-fermentation_sugar-e.htm http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/P/polysaccharide.htmlhttp://www.gcsescience.com/rc17-fermentation-yeast-alcohol.htm

A Memory

Remembered Event A remembered event is when something important and interesting happens in a person’s life. These days will leave good memories and emotions in people’s mind and it will be memorable forever. These days are usually one that people will always want to talk about and remember every moment of it. One of the most remembered events in my life is the birth of my brother. It was March, 2008 when I found out that my mother is pregnant.I was upset at the beginning, because all my life I was the only child in my family and I was kind of mad, because I realized that now my parents will pay attention at the new child, leaving me as the second plan. Up until December, I had bad relationships with my parents, especially with my mother. Then, it was the beginning of December and I went on vacation with my aunt for a few weeks. One day before we had to come back to Moscow, my grandmother called me and said that my mother is in the hospital and that she will most likely have the baby the next day.We already knew that it will be a boy. The next day I had my flight and we stopped half way because we had some problems with the plane, so I decided to call my parents and let them know about this situation. When I talked to my parents and my grandmother they told me that I have a baby brother now. At this moment something happened to me and everything changed inside. I was so happy to hear the good news. I was thinking about this the rest of my flight and I wanted to get home faster to go and see my brother.Next day, when I got home, my grandmother and I decided to go and visit my mother and brother at the hospital. I could not wait to get there, because I was really excited to see my baby brother for the first time. Finally when we got there, I met my mother and after that the doctor brought in my little brother. The first moment when I saw him I was so happy and I took him into my hands. He was so small and he looked like me with his blue eyes and blon d hair. I almost cried at this moment. I realized that now he is the most important person in my life and he will be very close to me all my life.We will be always together now and be able help to each other. Now, my brother is 4 years old. Those years passed very fast. Sometimes I do not like him at all and I can fight with him. He is very annoying sometimes because he has bad character and he is very active. It is too hard with him sometimes, but no matter what I understand he is still very little and of course he will change. I am very thankful to my mother now that I have him. I do not know how my life will be even in the future without him. Now, I will always have support from his side.The past year I spent in America and throughout this time I cannot see how he is growing up like I used to. I am so sad because I cannot see him now, at the most interesting time and age for children. But I still call my parents every day and I can see him and talk with him. December, 2008 change d my life completely with my brother’s birth. I am the happiest person because I have him. It was my big mistake at the beginning, when I was getting mad at my parents and did not want to have a brother or sister. After his birth all my family became more and more important for me.Me and my brother 14 years apart, but this is very good for both of us because he will learn so much from me and I will always protect him. He also will help me with everything and we will be together when we will have problems, help each other and be around our parents when they will be older. I think, it is very important in life to have brother or sister no matter if they are younger, older or same age. Still, this is a person for support, to grow up together with, and to learn something from each other.

Human Competition According Adam Smith and Karl Marx

â€Å"Human competition† according to â€Å"Adam Smith† is brought about by â€Å"selfish interests† (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495).â€Å"Adam Smith† made this extremely clear when he said that â€Å"the free decentralized action of economic agents in a system of competition and private property brings advantages for each of them†¦each one moved by his selfish interest† (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495). Interestingly, this is an unconscious thought of an individual according to â€Å"Adam Smith† (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495).Causes of Human Competition According to Adam Smith â€Å"Adam Smith† said that competition was actually brought about by individual’s pursuit of a better life (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495). People constantly find ways to reach their objectives not only to satisfy their own selfish interests but to enhance ones personal condition as well (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495).Consequences of Human Competition According to Adam Smith What’s good about the unconscious desire of man to achieve self-interest is that, eventually, he or she will not only achieve a better life but that of others in the society as well (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495).Human Competition According to Karl Marx â€Å"Human competition† according to â€Å"Karl Marx† is determined by his or her material conditions (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.). â€Å"Karl Marx† stated that â€Å"human competition† is highly related to the satisfaction of simple economic needs (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Causes of Human Competition According to Karl Marx Meanwhile, the following are some of the causes of â€Å"human competition† according to â€Å"Karl Marx†:First of all, â€Å"human competition† according to â€Å"Karl Marx† sprouted from â€Å"man’s existence† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.). It means that the existence of man requires satisfaction of human economic needs and so the aforementioned cause â€Å"human competition† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Furthermore, the historical act technically referred to as â€Å"the act of producing the means to satisfy human economic needs† also brought about â€Å"human competition† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Last but not least, survival is another cause of â€Å"human competition† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.). â€Å"Karl Marx† explained that since man â€Å"enters into a conscio us relation with nature for survival†, then he or she obliges himself or herself to â€Å"produce his or her means of subsistence† which eventually leads to human competition (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Consequences of Human Competition According to Karl Marx The following are some of the consequences of â€Å"human competition†:First of all is that it leads to the â€Å"division of society into economic classes† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.). For instance, in the â€Å"means of production†, â€Å"human competition† already exists because there are two types that exist, namely: â€Å"1) owners or the capitalists; and 2) non-owners of the means of production or the workers† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).These two types compete for ownership with regards to anything that may be utilized to â€Å"produce material needs and maintain existence† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).In addition to that, since â€Å"human competition† is highly related to the â€Å"mode of production†, it has also led to the â€Å"determination of the totality of the social superstructure† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.). Simply put, â€Å"human competition† then also determines the composition of the State as well as political institutions (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).

Affirmative Action vs Reverse Discrimination Essay

Affirmative Action or Reverse Discrimination Colleen Koehn Business Law 1038 Instructor Jackie Sexson March 1, 2010 South University Online There has been a large debate in recent years if affirmative action has gone against the American way, has affirmative action caused reverse discrimination? The establishment of affirmative action was put into place to create equal rights for racial minorities, ethnic minorities, women, the physically disabled and those who served in the military. Affirmative Action was born during the civil rights movement to give special consideration to minorities and women in the work place and education. In order for businesses and schools to increase their diversity they put in place quota systems.†¦show more content†¦After the implementation of the Philadelphia Plan, legislation was passed at the federal, state and municipal level implementing affirmative action plans using the Philadelphia Plan as a model. Today, almost all government affirmative action plans are offshoots of the Philadelphia Plan (Affirmative Action 2-3). Affirmative Action was not put in place to cause reverse discrimination. In the 1978 Bakke case, (www.infoplease.com) the Supreme Court upheld a decision to outlaw quota systems. In this case it brought up issues of reverse discrimination against a white man being turned down by admission to a medical college based on quotas the college had in place to reserve placements in their college for minorities. The college continued to overlook Bakke because he was a white male and they had a quota to meet to enroll minorities. With their quota system in place they continue to overlook Bakke and except less qualified minorities. This lead the Supreme Court to rule this as reverse discrimination and outlaw the quota system. In an article in the Washington Post called â€Å"Affirmative Action Under Attack† by Dan Froomkin (1998) he states that, â€Å"admission officers are put in a position to hire minorities over qualified whites based on quotas.†(paragraph 9) Affirmative action wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Affirmative Actio n924 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Affirmative Action began in 1965 when President Johnson signed the Executive Order 11246 in to law. The Executive Order prevents federal contractors from discriminating against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The phrase â€Å"affirmative action† was first coined, when federal contractors were required to take affirmative action to ensure that applicants were not discriminated against in anyway. 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